AKI/CKD
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What is the function of the Glomerulus?
filters blood and produced urine
What is the function of the Kidney? HINT: A WET BED
Acid balance Water balance Electrolyte balance (potassium, sodium, magnesium, calcium) Toxic removal Blood pressure control (renin helps with BP control) Erythropoietin (produces RBCs) Vitamin D (metabolism)
What food should NOT be given when a patient has a renal problem? Why?
Bananas Kidneys have trouble filtering potassium
What is oliguria? What is Anuria?
Oliguria (small production of urine-not enough is produced) Anuria (no production of urine)
What is Proteinuria? What is Dysuria? What is Azotemia?
Proteinuira (protein in the urine d/t to conditions like pregnancy and CKD) Dysuria (painful urination, difficulty with urination) Azotemia (Elevated levels of urea and other nitrogen compounds in the blood)
What is the purpose of Bowman’s capsule?
Catches things/stuff the body doesn’t need from your blood
What is the most important lab for kidney function?
Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) Normal range (90-120) GFR can measure the stage the patient is in
What are the complications of the Kidneys? HINT: Kidney infections or surrounding areas
Glomerulonephritis: comes from Strep Throat Pyelonephritis (kidney infection) Causes: UTI S/S: high fever, low back pain, painful urination Kidney Stones (Renal calculi): pt will have flank pain that radiates to abdomen pain and groin Nephrotic Syndrome: Inflammation of the Glomerulus Pt. will have low Albumin levels
What is the Kidney’s role in body fluid balance?
Removes excess water and solutes from the blood through urine, maintaining a balance between intake and output.
What is the Kidney’s role in blood chemical composition?
Filters and excretes waste products (urea, creatinine) while retaining essential substances like glucose and ions.
What is the kidney role in blood pH regulation?
Secretes hydrogen ions and reabsorbs bicarbonate to help regulate the acidity (pH) of the blood
What is the kidney function in BP regulation?
Controls blood volume by adjusting water reabsorption and releases renin to regulate the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, influencing blood pressure.
What is AKI? Is it reversible or non-reversible? What is the definition?
Acute Kidney Injury which is reversible (by treating the underlying cause) Definition (sudden impaired of kidney function)
What are the causes of AKI?
Dehydration, heat stroke
How are the labs affected?
BUN and creatinine is increased Metabolic acidosis (pt can be in) Decreased Hemoglobin
How many phases does AKI have? What are they? HINT: NOT STAGES
They are 4 phases Onset Oliguria (Oliguric phase) (Test Q)—> watch for electrolyte imbalance (hyperkalemia) Diuretic (720-1200 UO is good) Recovery (6-12 months recovery time)
What type of diet should pts with renal dysfunction be on?
Renal diet which includes High calcium (no dairy) Low potassium (no orange/orange juice, bananas)