SC15 Dynamic Equilibrium and the Haber Process
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What do fertilisers do?
They provide mineral ions for healthy growth in plants
What does a lack of mineral ions cause?
• affect plant growth • cause deficiency diseases
What compounds could plant fertilisers contain?
• nitrogen • phosphorous • potassium
Why must the compounds in fertilisers be soluble?
So they can be absorbed by the root hair cells
How is ammonia manufactured?
Through the Haber Process
What are the reaction conditions of the Haber process to produce ammonia?
• 450c temperature • 200 atmospheres of pressure • iron catalyst
Give the word equation for making nitric acid from ammonia
ammonia + oxygen —> nitric acid + water
How is ammonium sulphate made in a lab?
Batch processes: a small amount is made, the apparatus is cleaned and then the process repeats
How is ammonium sulphate made in industrial?
Continuous process: reactants constantly being fed to reactors and products are removed
What are the starting materials for making ammonium sulphate in a lab?
Ammonia solution and Dilute Sulfuric acid
How is ammonium nitrate manufactured?
By adding ammonium solution to dilute nitric acid
How are conditions chosen for industrial processes?
• choose reaction times which produce the most yield • this means reactions may not even reach equilibrium
What factors are taken into consideration when choosing a reaction pathway?
• availability and cost of raw materials • rate of reaction and equilibrium position • atom economy • yield • usefulness of by products