Geology and Earth Resources (10/22)

study of dynamic processes taking place on the earth’s surface and in its interior

Core, mantle, crust

Continental (thick, less dense, old), and oceanic crust (thin, dense, young, most of crust)

inner core (solid) and outer core (liquid). mostly made of nickel and iron, and is the innermost section of the earth

most of earth’s mass and volume, second innermost section of the earth

naturally occurring chemical element or inorganic compound that exists as a crystalline solid

a compound of one or more minerals

type of rock that’s formed when sediments are compacted

type of rock that’s formed when other rocks are transformed

type of rock that’s formed when lava or magma solidifies

surface breaks down into sediments under water, goes through compaction and cementation, gets buried deep underground in heat and pressure, melts, crystalizes, and slowly forced to the surface

proposed the idea of continental drift in his book in 1912

tectonic plate boundary where two plates are moving away from each other, causing volcanic activity and creating new crust

where two tectonic plates move toward each other, causing a collision that can result in mountains, volcanic activity, and earthquakes

type of tectonic plate boundary where two plates slide horizontally past each other, causing earthquakes but not the creation/destruction of lithosphere

may be active, dormant, or extinct. have different shapes depending on how fast the lave flows and how violent the eruption is

breakage and shifting of rocks occurs at a fault. seismic waves are vibrations in the crust

logarithmic scale for earthquakes.

(smallest to biggest, starts at 4) minor, damaging, destructive, major, great, extreme

ridges or mounds of rock debris deposited directly by a glacier

streamlined, elongated hills formed by glacial ice flowing over and depositing sediment, typically glacial till

mineral resource containing profitable concentration of a mineral (can be high or low grade)

Lanthanides, not particularly rare, but difficult to seperate

oil, coal, and natural gas. exist in finite amounts