Chapter 1 The study of body functions
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cells
fundamental unit
tissue
group of same cells
organs
multiple tissues with common functions
organ system
multiple organs
organism
multiple organ system
Homeostasis
state of relative constancy, constant exchange
ICF
Intracellular fluid (liquid within the cell)
ISF
intersitial fluid (liquid between the cells) is part of the extracellular fluid
negative feedback
an increase or decrease in an variable cause a response to move the variable in the direction opposite of the original change
dynamic constancy
levels change over short time, over long time constant
order of neg. feedback
physiological variable (change) -> sensor recognizes change -> afferent pathway (carry to) -> integrating center (coordinates output) -> efferent pathway (carry away from) -> effector (give reverse change, body response)
3 responses to a physiological change
endocrine (acts on distant target), paracrine (signal reaches neighboring cell), autocrine (signal affects same type of cells)
primary tissue
Muscle (for contraction), Nervous (generating & conduction of electrical signals), Epithelial (membranes covering body surface, organs, glands) Connective (connects different cells, blood bone cartilage)