carboxylic acids and derivatives
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Acid derivative
an organic compound related to a carboxylic acid of formula RCOZ, where Z = —Cl, —NHR, —OR or —OCOR
what type of acid is a carboxylic acid
weak acid
why are carboxylic acids weak?
as chain length increases it pushes the elcetron density onto the COO-, making it more negative and less stable so the acid is less strong
what happens to the strength of a carboxylic acid when a Cl is attached
the acid increases in strength as the electronegative Cl withdraws the electron density from the COO- making it less negative and more stable
esterification?
carboxylic acid + alcohol –> ester and water
uses of esters
sweet smelling ( perfumes flavourings) solvents, plasticisers
how can you hydrolise esters?
with an acid or NaOH (NaOH forms the carboxylate ion)
are carboxylic acids soluble?
the smaller the carboxylic acid the more soluble as can form H2 bonds in water
do carboxylic acid dissociate
only slightly disscoiate in water but can liberate CO2 from carbonates
what is the naming method when two carboxylic acid groups are present
dioic acid
why is ethanoic anhydride better
cheaper, less corrosive, less vunerable to hydrolysis
what do you call a fatty acid that has multiple unsaturated bonds
polyunsaturated fatty acids
biodesel reactants
methyl esters + carboxylic acids
acyl chloride + water
carboxylic acid + HCl (steamy white fumes)
acyl chloride + alcohol
ester + HCl (steamy white fumes)
what can unsaturated fatty acids display
cis-trans due to double bond
what has a higher melting point saturated or unsaturated fatty acids?
saturated fatty acids as can pack together more closely, more van der waals
saturated fatty acids are
fats
unsaturated fatty acids are
oils