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what happens when you combine group 2 with water
Mg + 2H2O —> Mg(OH)2 +H2
reaction of Mg with steam and what is observed
Mg + H2O —-> MgO + H2 bright white fame , whit powder formed
what happens to hydroxide solubitly down group 2
increases down the group
what happens to sulfate solubitly down group 2
it decreases
Mg in metal extraction of titanium chloride
TiCl4 + 2Mg —> 2MgCl2 + Ti
redox reactions of halogens with H2SO4
F- / Cl- = NaF + H2SO4 ——> NaHSO4 + HF Br- = NaBr + H2SO4 ——> NaHSO4 + HBr 2HBr + H2SO4 ——> Br2 + SO2 + 2H2O I- = NaI + H2SO4 ——> NaHSO4 + HI = 2HI + H2SO4 ——> I2 + SO2 + 2H2O = 6HI + SO2 ——> H2S + 3I2 + 2H2O
reaction of chlorine with water
Cl2 + H2O ——> ClO- + Cl- + 2H+
equation of chlorine decomposing water in the presence of UV light
2Cl2 + 2H2O ——> 4HCl + O2
production of bleach reactants and equation
chlorine mixed with cold aqueous sodium hydroxide 2NaOH +Cl2 ——> NaClO + NaCl + H2O
test for sulfates and results
BaCl2 ( barium chloride) => white ppt
test for hydroxides and results
red litmus => turns blue universal indicator => blue/ purple
test for carbonates and results
add acid (HCl) => effervesce and CO2 gas given off (bubble through lime water)
test for group 2 and results
flame test calcium = red strontium = brick red barium = pale green
test for ammonium (NH4+) and results and way to speed up test
red litmus paper over a petri dish => blue (add NaOH to produce ammonia gas faster)
period 3 oxides
Na2O MgO Al2O3 SiO2 P4O10 SO2 SO3
reactions of period 3 elements and water
hydroxide and hydrogen 2Na + 2H2O ——> 2NaOH +H2 Mg + 2H2O ——> Mg(OH)2 + H2
period 3 oxides and water reactions and equations
ionic oxides = alkaline sol Na2O + H2O ——> 2NaOH MgO + H2O ——> Mg(OH)2 simple covalent oxides = acidic sol P4O10 + 6H2O ——> 4H3PO4 SO2 + H2O ——> H2SO3 SO3 +H2O ——> H2SO4
equations for the reaction of an ionic oxide with acid
Na2O + 2HCl ——> 2NaCl + H2O MgO + H2SO4 ——> MgSO4 + H2O
Equations for the reactions of covalent oxides with a base
SiO2 + 2NaOH ——> Na2SiO3 +H2O P4O10 + 12NaOH ——> 4Na3PO4 + 6H2O SO2 + 2NaOH ——> Na2SO3 + H2O SO3 + 2NaOH ——> Na2SO4 + H2O
what is the property of aluminum that allows it to act as both an acid and base
amphoteric
what type of reaction does chlorine undergo when combines with water and why
disproportionation reaction as chlorine is both oxidised and reduced
reaction equations of aluminum Oxide with a base and acid
Al2O3 + 2H2SO4 ——> Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2O Al2O3 + 2NaOH + 3H2O ——> 2NaAl(OH)4
why when testing for halogens why is AgNO3 acidified
to remove carbonate ions/ any ions which give a precipitate with silver nitrate