Chapter 6 Powerpoint
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What is a naked machine
A machine that has no tools or programs to help the user
What type of tools or programs does a non- naked machine have
• Write instructions in binary • Write data in binary • Load instructions into memory one cell at a time • Initiate program run
What were the problems with using a naked machine
It quickly became too difficult for humans to do. An interface had to be developed to hide the details and make the computer easier to build.
What is System software
A collection of programs to manage resources of the computer and to serve as an intermediary between user and hardware
What does system software create
A virtual machine or a virtual environment that the user sees.
What is an operating system considered
The single most important piece of software on the computer
What are the components of an operating system
The user interface Memory managers i/0 Systems Utilities Language services Information Managers Scheduler
What is the general function of system software
• Communicates with users • Determines what they want • Activates other system programs, applications, packages or user programs
Describe characteristics of language services within the system software
Language services support high level languages
Describe characteristics of memory managers within the system software
Memory managers allocate memory to programs
Describe characteristics of Information managers within the system software
Information managers organize mass storage
Describe characteristics of scheduler managers within the system software
Scheduler manages programs waiting to run
What are some utilities inside of system software
Tools including program libraries
What is a gui
A visual interface to the virtual machine including operating system and system programs and user programs.
What various devices do the I/O systems communicate with
Printers Scanners Keyboards Mice
What are the 5 functions of a virtual machine
1) write program using text editor in high-level language 2) save program to folder 3) use translator to convert to binary 4) Use scheduler to load and run 5) use I/0 system to print results
What is the other name for low level programming language
Assembly language
What are the properties of assembly language
• Instructions map one-to-one to machine language • Symbolic op codes (not binary) • Symbolic addresses for instructions and data • Pseudo-ops for data generation and more (data in human-friendly terms)
What are two advantages of assembly language over machine code
• Clarity, readability and maintainability * Can be placed at different locations in memory
What are some examples of High level programming languages
Java, C++, Python
What are the advantages of high level programming languages over assembly language
• More powerful: One high level instruction may provide multiple machine instructions • User oriented • Not Machine Specific • Use both natural language and mathematical notation
What is the assembly language process
• The source program (assembly language) • Translated by the assembler to • object program • loader places in memory • Hardware runs • Results
Are comments in assembly language processed by the assembler
Comments are ignored by the assembler- they’re for human use
What does pseudo-op commands in the (assembly language) program do
Commands in the program directed to the assembler, not converted to machine instructions.