exam 1 pt. 1
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Match the eukaryotic subcellular structure with its function. 7 Nucleus, lysosome, mitochondria, rough ER, cytoplasm, smoot ER, plasma m
Nucleus: Genetic Expression // Genomic Storage / Expression Lysosome: Cellular Digestion Mitochondria: ATP Production Rough ER: Secreted/Membrane-bound Protein Production Cytoplasm: Cellular Protein Synthesis Smooth ER: Synthesizing lipids, metabolizing carbs, regulating calcium ions, detoxifying harmful substances Plasma membrane: regulates the transport of substances
How was metabolism to be determined to be [REDACTED] a highly conserved system across species?
Glycolysis was found in yeast and animals through biochemical analysis of breakdown of glucose
Match the disease with the genetic error that causes it. CESD,WD, Ethanol
Cholesterol Ester Storage Disease – Exon Splice Error Wolman’s Disease – Premature Stop Codon Ethanol sensitivity: aldehyde dehydrogenase has two forms, high km cytoplasmic, and low km mitochondrial. This disorder has a point mutation that causes the low km mitochondrial form to be significantly less active.
What is the best way to distinguish between [REDACTED] Disease and [REDACTED] Disease? CESD vs WD, Hers vs Von, diabetes 1 vs 2 vs Von
Cholesterol Ester Storage Disease – Exon Splice Error, low enz function. Wolman’s Disease – Premature Stop Codon, lethal at young age, no enz function Hers Disease – Phosphorylase Deficiency – Liver isozyme deficiency, improved with age. I Von Gierke Disease – No glucose-6-phosphatase in liver, lethal at infancy. Threat of lactic acidosis because it uses glucose-6-phosphate for glycolysis rather than exporting it. Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 – Loss of pancreatic beta cells that produce insulin. Liver in gluconeogenic state. Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 – Insulin resistance. I Von Gierke Disease – No glucose-6-phosphatase in liver, lethal at infancy.
From the biomolecules listed, identify those that can be used [REDACTED]: (Select all that apply) energy, traced amounts (12)
ALL Proteins – structure/catalysis Nucleic Acids – information storage /coenzyme Lipids – cell signaling / membranes Carbohydrates – storage / source of electrons Used in trace amounts: Zinc, Cobalt, Selenium, magnesium, chromium, manganese, vanadium, iron, nickel, copper, molybdenum, iodine.
A patient presents at [REDACTED] age with significant exogenous cholesterol accumulation in all body tissues. Which genetic error is this patient most likely to have? young age + infant
Young age – Exon Splicing Error Infant – Wolman disease – premature stop codon and NO functional protein
From the elements presented below, identify those elements that are primary elements of life: 10
Phosphate, carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, sodium, potassium, calcium, sulfur, chlorine
Which of the lysosomal-based diseases manifests [REDACTED] enzyme? No activity, reduced activity
Reduced activity – Cholesterol Ester Storage Disease (CESD) No activity – Wolman Disease (WD)
How was metabolism determined to be [REDACTED] across species? Highly conserved
Highly conserved – Glycolysis was found in yeast and animals, same 10 cellular intermediates and same 10 enzymes found in both
Which of the two [REDACTED] diseases listed is dangerous but treatable?
von gierke disease (starch) and cholesterol ester storage disease