Topic 8 - Fuels and Health Science
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Functional group
The part of a molecule that provides characteristic chemical reactivity
Organic chemistry
The chemistry of the element carbon and compounds that contain it
Carbon is in this group of the periodic table
4
Carbon is in this period of the periodic table
2
Allotrope
Different forms of the same element
Volatility
How easily a liquid vaporises to become a gas
Viscosity
A liquid’s resistance to flow
Does not flow easily
If a substance has a high viscosity it…
Does flow easily
If a substance has a low viscosity it…
If a substance has a high volatility it…
Easily goes from a liquid to a gas
If a substance has a low volatility it…
Does NOT easily go from a liquid to a gas
Evaporation
The change of state from a liquid to a gas
Condensation
The change of state from a gas to a liquid
Hydrocarbon
A compound that only contains the elements hydrogen and carbon
Homologous series
A group of molecules that have similar chemical properties
Fractional distillation
The method used to separate the components of crude oil
Fractionating column
The apparatus in which the crude oil is separated
At the top of the fractionating column, the crude oil fractions have these physical properties
• low boiling points, low viscosity, high volatility
At the top of the fractionating column, the crude oil fractions have these chemical properties
• Easy to ignite / high flammability
At the top of the fractionating column, the molecules in the crude oil fractions are
small with few carbon atoms
Alkene general formula
CnH2n
Alkane general formula
CnH2n+2
Monkeys Eat Peanut Butter
Mnemonic for remembering the first 4 molecules in a homologous series
The attraction between molecules
Intermolecular forces