Respiratory System
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Function
Provides for the exchange of O2 and CO2 between the body (tissues) and the environment Enables vocal communication Facilitates smell and taste Helps control pH
Why is hemoglobin important?
allows it to pick up oxygen from the air we breathe and deliver it everywhere in the body.
Higher concentration oxygen in lung
diffuses in blood
Higher concentration CO2 in blood stream
diffuses in lungs
What are the 3 parts to the pharynx?
naso-, oro-, laryngo-
You need oxygen to produce what?
ATP
Larynx
throat
Pharynx
Throat
Trachea
Windpipe
epithelial cells
various types including ciliated columnar, and stratified squamous for the “covering”
Carbs/Fat + Oxygen = ?
CO2
Alveoli
Provide a very thine membrane for gas transport. Collectively provide a massive surface area (80 m2 vs) for gas exchange. Path of oxygen to the red blood cell
CO2 is a byproduct of what?
Burning fuels to provide ATP
Why does does blood need a large surface area?
Diffuse faster
ventilation
movement of air
Pressure
Function of the number of gas particles/volume. So, if number of molecules stays constant but volume increases, the pressure goes down.
What 2 pressures act on the space in the lungs?
“outside”, i.e., ambient air (via mouth/nose) intrathoracic (intrapleural) space
Pressure = ?
particles/ volume
*Size of lung capacity?
large
Does air move in the direction with the most or least amount of pressure?
least, if ambient pressure is greater than intrathoracic pressure, air moves into the lungs and vice versa.
expansion of thoracic cavity
accomplished via the diaphragm and other muscles
Why does air enter the lungs?
air enters the lungs because the ambient (atmosphere) pressure is now greater than the intrathoracic
Lung Capacity
4 liters in adults
Regulation of ventilation
Brain provides input for smooth and rhythmic breathing