stem cells
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what are stem cells
• they’re the body’s repair and regeneration mechanism • has self-renewal and differentiation capacity
describe stem cells in the body
• tissue and blood have their own resident stem cells eg, neural stem cells • some stem cells can migrate to other areas of body to effect repair eg, mesenchymal stem cells
how did the adult body form form a single cell (oocyte)
• cell division (can be symmetric and asymmetric) • migration (to organise into complex structures) • differentiation (into specific cell types) • apoptosis (programmed cell death)
state the stem cell commitment hierarchy
• zygote • embryo • tissue stem cells • progenitor cells • terminally differentiated cells
what type of cell is a zygote
totipotent
what type of cell is a embryo
pluripotent
what type of cell is a tissue stem cell and a progenitor cell
multipotent
what type of cell is a terminally differentiated cell
unipotent
what type of cell does an embryo make
embryonic stem cells
what are embryonic stem cells split into
mesoderm, endoderm, ectoderm
describe haematopoietic stem cells
• they’re quiescent (asleep) in bone marrow: hypoxic niche (low oxygen tension) slow self-renewal no differentiation • activation in blood: receive signal from blood migration expansion- symmetrical cell division specification- asymmetrical cell division
what can hematopoietic progenitor stem cells be further subdivided into
into multipotent stem cells which can be divided into lymphoid progenitor ( t-cell, B cell, natural killer cell) and myeloid progenitor (neutrophil, monocyte, basophil, eosinophil)