Running Water and Groundwater

Extending the head of river channels upslope (downcutting)

Sediment Production (Headwater region); sediment transportation (Trunk streams); sediment deposition (River slows when it reaches another body of water - sediment either accumulates at the mouth to form a delta, reconfigured by wave action, or taken offshore by ocean currents

Dendritic, Radial, Rectangular, Trellis

tree-like, where the underlying material is relatively uniform

diverging from a central point like a volcano

Series of joints/faults in bedrock

Tributary streams are nearly parallel; type of rectangular

gradient, channel slope, size, roughness, discharge

cross-sectional view from its source to the mouth

via dissolved (supplied by groundwater); via suspended (most of the stream’s load and controlled by flow and settling velocity[clay and silt particles]); bed load

speed at which a particle falls through a solution

saltation - slipping of large sediment along the river bed

max amount of solid particles a stream can transport per unit of time

Measure of a stream’s ability to transport particles based on size rather than quantity

Flow velocity < Settling velocity

> capacity

> competency

process by which sediment begins to settle, large particles first

sediment transported by streams

• rain • river • river/fan • wind • lake All pertain to transporting agent and location

Streamflow is confined to a channel

bedrock (actively cuts into solid rock), Alluvial )when bed and banks are composed mainly of unconsolidated sediment)

cut into underlying strata; form headwater regions that have steep slopes; can develop a sequence of steps (steep segments of exposed bedrock eg. waterfalls), and pools (where alluvium accumulates)

Composed of alluvium; types: meandering and braided channels