Chapter 17

objects or particles which accumulate where they are produced

includes removed rock and soil, tailings, contaminated water

from livestock, harvesting, and processing of crops and trees

• industrial solid waste 2. municipal solid waste

• demolition waste • manufacturing waste • sludge • combustion ash

• households • commercial establishments • institutions • industrial sources

• produces 220 million metric tons of MSW annually - 4.4 pounds per person per day

• landfills • incineration • mulch and compost • source reduction • recycling

• 15% of MSW is incinerated in the US • most use heat to generate electricity benefits: reduces amount of MSW and reliance on landfills risks: emissions, disposal of toxic ash, cost

benefits: - reduces amount of MSW and reliance on landfills - mulch and compost are beneficial for soils

reducing waste production

• design • manufacturing process • purchasing decisions • material use • reusing materials

-recycling and composting diverted 32% of solid waste from waste stream

• resource conservation • reduced pollutants • energy savings • job creation • reduced strain on landfills