4.1 Reactivity of metals
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What is the reactivity series of metals?
The series shows the metals in order of their reactivity.
What are the trends in reactivities of metals in reactions with acids/water?
Metals above H2 in the reactivity series react with acids to produce H2. The more reactive the metal is, the quicker and more violent reaction with acid occurs. Metals below H2 don’t react with acids. Not all metals above H2 react with water - mostly Group I and II metals. Aluminium is the borderline case.
What is a displacement reaction?
A reaction where a more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from a compound
How are unreactive metals found in Earth?
In their natural state as they don’t form compounds
How can metals less reactive than carbon be extracted?
Reduction with carbon. Carbon displaces the metal in a metal oxide - gets oxidised to carbon oxides. Metal from the metal oxide gets reduced to the pure metal.
How are metals more reactive than carbon extracted?
By electrolysis
What is the general equation for a reaction between metals and acids? What type of reaction is this?
Metal + acid → salt + hydrogen Redox reaction, also a displacement reaction
Which metals in the reactivity series will react with acid?
Those above hydrogen
What is the general equation for the reaction between metal carbonate and acid?
Metal carbonate + acid → salt + water + carbon dioxide
What is the general equation for the reaction between metal oxides and acids?
Metal oxide + acid → a salt + water