7. Intro to Organic Chem
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General formula of an alkane
C n H 2n+2
General formula of an alkene
C n H 2n
General formula for an alcohol
C n H 2n+1 OH
General Formula for a cycloalkane
C n H 2n
What is a homologous series?
a family of hydrocarbons with similar chemical properties, that share the same general formula.
Name the 3 types of structural isomerism
• chain • positional • functional group
Name the 2 types of stereoisomerism
• geometric (E/Z) • optical
Definition of structural isomerism
same molecular formula but different structural formulas
What difference does chain isomerism cause?
length of C chain
What difference does positional isomerism cause?
position of functional group
What difference does functional group isomerism cause?
type of functional group
Draw the structural isomer of C5H12
pentane, 2-methylbutane, 2,2-dimethylbutane
Draw the isomers for C5H10
Stereoisomerism definition
same structural formula but different arrangement of atoms in space
How do E/Z isomers arise?
• each C atom in the C=C double bond is bonded to 2 diff groups • there’s a lack of rotation around the C=C double bond
Does the molecule have E/Z isomerism?
no
Does the molecule have E/Z isomerism?
yes
Does the molecule have E/Z isomerism?
no
Draw E and Z but-2-ene
Name this molecule
3-hydroxy-2-methyl-pent-2-enal