Deck 2 (slides 5-10)

Ecosystems change over time, called ecological _________n.

During ecological succession, an existing community of organisms is ________ed by a different community over periods of time.

The 2 types of ecological succession are ________ and ________.

Primary E.S. (ecological succession) occurs in a place where ____ life has yet been, such as soil building.

An example of Primary E.S. is on a new volcanic island (rock), a p________ organism (lichens and mosses) develops into a thin layer of soil. From this soil, _______ grows, creating more soil. Then, shrubs grow and more soil is developed, leading to growth of _______ (conifers and then hardwoods).

During ecological succession, each community changes the environment, making it more u_________ for itself and more f_________ for the following community.

Ecological succession continues until a _________ community is achieved (a stable collection of plants and animals).

After a climax community is achieved, this community will continue until a natural distaste’s wipes it out, called a __________.

After the occurrence of a blowout, succession then starts over again, called S_________ ecological succession.

Secondary ecological succession is faster because there is already _______.

An example of ______ _________ ________ is the filling in of a pond or lake over time: It fills up with organic matter (dead organisms, leaves, and seasonal dieback), and develops into a swamp/bog. Then, it develops into dry land and then enters into terrestrial succession.

Secondary ecological succession can occur after a _________ disaster (such as a fire, volcano, flood) or after ________ activity (such as an abandoned farm field).

Their are both _______ and _______ biomes.

The northernmost biome is the T_______.

The tundra is treeless because of permanently frozen subsoil called __________. They have long, harsh _______ and very short _________.

Examples of climax FLORA of the tundra are L_______, M________, and G________.

Examples of climax FAUNA of the tundra are C________ (migratory grazers), snowy owls, and I________.

The biome just south of the tundra is the ________.

The taiga has long, severe _______ and summers with _________ soil.

Examples of climax FLORA of the taiga are _________ (forests of firs, pine, spruce).

Examples of climax FAUNA of the taiga are M______ and Black ______s.