Lecture 12
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What is kinetic energy?
energy associated with moving objects or motion
What is potential energy?
Energy waiting to be released
mass and speed are?
directly proportional to kinetic energy
what is the equation for kinetic energy?
E= 1/2mv^2
What are different types of potential energy?
chemical, electrical, magnetic, elastical, and gravitational
What is the equation for gravitational potential energy?
E = mgh
What is thermal energy?
random kinetic energy of atoms and molecules
How is heat created?
When the molecules in something hot are moving more rapidly, and the collision of those molecules exerts a greater force (hot coffee exerts a force on your hand)
How is cold created?
Molecules in your hand move more rapidly than the molecules in the object you are touching
Are forms of energy interchangeable?
Yes, the energy has to go somewhere; it can’t just disappear
What is a system?
The specific portion of matter in a given space that is being studied during an experiment or an observation
In an open system there is?
an exchange of matter and energy with the surroundings
In a closed system there is?
No exchange of matter and energy
What is the first law of thermodynamics?
In an isolated system, the total amount of energy, including heat, is conserved meaning it is constant and unchanging.
Energy can neither be?
created nor destroyed, it can only be transferrd or changed from one form to another
What is thermodynamics?
study of the movement of heat
What is the 2nd law of thermodynamics?
When energy is transferred, there will be less energy available at the end of the transfer process than at the beginning
What does the 2nd law of thermodynamics help explain?
Nature’s direction
Nature’s direction is explained with a messy room because?
the 1st law doesn’t care about which way the process happens, as the total energy in the room is the same, and yet there is a natural tendency for things to become less orderly with time
Properties of heat =
internal/thermal energy 1. heat 2. temperature 3. specific heat capacity
Heat is?
a form of energy that moves from a warmer object to a cooler object, it is energy in motion that is measured in calories
A calorie is?
the amount of heat required to raise 1 g of room temperature water by 1 degree C
Temperature is?
a term that compares how vigorously atoms in a substance are moving and colliding in different substances. 2 objects are at the same temperature if no heat flows spontaneously;
the difference in temp determines
how quickly heat is transferred