topic 1C (its just the medicines given)
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types of drugs that can be used for cvd’s
antihypertensives, anticoagulants, platelet inhibitors, cholesterol-lowering drugs
examples of hypertensives
diuretics, beta blockers, sympathetic nervous system inhibitors, ace-inhibitors
common side effects of hypertensives
fatigue, dizziness, constipation, coughing, ankle swelling
how do diuretics work
reduce volume of blood by reducing water volume (acting on kidneys), decreasing heart load and rate, also blood pressure
unique side effects of diuretics
skin rashes and diarrhea
how do beta-blockers work
bind to hormone receptors of the heart, inhibits effects of hormones that increase blood pressure and heart rate like adrenaline
unique side effects of beta-blockers
none (they’re the same as common ones to do with hypertension, but NO ANKLE SWELLING)
how do sympathetic nervous system inhibitors work
inhibit impulses from sympathetic nervous system, which stimulates increase in blood pressure
unique side effects of sympathetic nervous system inhibitors
more emotionlessness (??)
how do ace inhibitors work
inhibit production of angiotensin converting enzyme (ace), less angiotensin
what is angiotensin
a chemical that stimulates sympathetic nervous system and vessel contraction and inhibits parasympathetic nervous system
unique side effects of ace inhibitors
rashes, abnormal taste sensation
statins
drugs that block liver enzyme that produces cholesterol
statins side effects
muscle and joint pain, fatigue (rare): fatal muscle inflammation and liver damage
plant stanols and sterols
dietary supplements that reduce cholesterol absorption from intestines to the gut
example of anticoagulants
warfarin
how does warfarin work
reduces prothrombin production, which reduces blood clotting
examples of platelet inhibitory drugs
aspirin clopidogrel
how does aspirin work
reduces stickiness of platelets, which inhibits its function
side effects of aspirin. what is done to reduce this effect?
i) internal bleeding in stomach lining ii) aspirin is given with clopidogrel