Alterations in Chromosome Structure & Number
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What is the definition of a chromosome?
A chromosome is a long strand of DNA wrapped around proteins that carries genetic information.
True or False: Chromosomes can only exist as a single structure in a cell.
False
What is a chromatid?
A chromatid is one half of a duplicated chromosome.
What term describes a change in the number of chromosomes?
Aneuploidy
Fill in the blank: A condition where an individual has three copies of a chromosome is called _____ .
Trisomy
What is the most common form of aneuploidy in humans?
Down syndrome, which is caused by trisomy of chromosome 21.
What is the main difference between structural and numerical chromosome alterations?
Structural alterations involve changes in the chromosome structure, while numerical alterations involve changes in the number of chromosomes.
True or False: Deletions are a type of structural chromosome alteration.
True
What is a deletion in chromosome structure?
A deletion is the loss of a segment of the chromosome.
What is duplication in the context of chromosome structure?
Duplication is the presence of an extra segment of a chromosome.
Fill in the blank: A chromosome alteration where two segments are swapped is known as a _____ .
Translocation
What does inversion refer to in chromosome structure?
Inversion is a structural alteration where a segment of a chromosome is reversed end to end.
What is the term for a complete set of chromosomes in an organism?
Karyotype
True or False: Polyploidy is a type of aneuploidy.
False
What is polyploidy?
Polyploidy is the condition of having more than two complete sets of chromosomes.
What is the significance of the Philadelphia chromosome?
The Philadelphia chromosome is associated with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and results from a translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22.
What is the impact of chromosomal alterations on genetic diversity?
Chromosomal alterations can introduce genetic diversity but may also lead to genetic disorders.
Fill in the blank: The process of chromosome separation during cell division is called _____ .
Mitosis
What is the role of telomeres in chromosome structure?
Telomeres protect the ends of chromosomes from deterioration or fusion with neighboring chromosomes.
True or False: All chromosomal alterations lead to diseases.
False
What is a balanced translocation?
A balanced translocation is when two chromosomes exchange segments without any loss of genetic material.
Name one method used to detect chromosomal alterations.
Karyotyping
What is the significance of studying chromosomal alterations in cancer research?
Studying chromosomal alterations helps identify genetic mutations that contribute to cancer development and progression.
Fill in the blank: The condition of having only one copy of a chromosome is known as _____ .
Monosomy