Brock Immunity Reading
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The body’s built in ability to recognize and destroy pathogens or their products Develop within hours after contact with pathogen Function of phagocytes
Innate immunity
Cells that can ingest, kill, and digest most microbial pathogens Play a big role in innate immunity
Phagocytes
The acquired ability to recognize and destroy a specific pathogen or its products Activated by innate response phagocytes Directed at unique pathogen molecules called antigens Takes several days to develop
Adaptive immunity
Unique pathogen molecules
Antigens
Phagocytes present antigen molecules to these cells Key cells in the adaptive response Antigens bind specific receptors on these cells
Lymphocytes
What doors the process of antigens binding specific receptors on the lymphocyte result in?
Triggers genes that promote lymphocyte multiplication and production of pathogen specific proteins that interact with the pathogen, marking it for destruction
Cells active in innate and adaptive immunity develop from common precursors called…. Grow in the bone marrow
Stem cells
What does immunity primarily result from?
The actions of cells that circulate throughout the body, mainly through the blood and the lymph
A fluid similar to blood that has nucleated cells and proteins but lacks red blood cells
Lymph
Precursor cells that can differentiate into any blood cell
Multipotent stem cells
How do stem cells differentiate into a variety of mature cells?
Under the influence of soluble cytokines and chemokines
Proteins that influence many aspects of immune cell differentiation
Cytokines and chemokines
Most numerous cells in human blood Nonnucleated cells that function to carry oxygen from the lungs to the tissues
Erythrocytes (red blood cells)
Nucleated cells Include phagocytes of the innate immune system and lymphocytes of the adaptive immune response
Leukocytes (white blood cells)
What does human blood consist of?
Red blood cells White blood cells Plasma
Include the phagocytes of the innate immune response
Leukocytes
The cells active in the adaptive response
Lymphocytes
A liquid containing proteins and other solutes In the blood
Plasma
The remaining fluid after blood clots, which has no cells or clothing proteins Has a high concentration of antibodies
Serum
Soluble immune proteins that bind pathogen antigens
Antibodies
How does blood travel?
Blood is pumped by the heart through arteries and capillaries throughout the body and is returned through the veins
A separate circulatory system containing lymph
Lymphatic system
How does lymph drain?
Drains from extravascular tissues into lymphatic capillaries, lymph ducts, and then into lymph nodes throughout the lymphatic system
Organs that have lymphocytes and phagocytes arranged to encounter micro organisms and antigens as they travel through the lymphatic circulation
Lymph nodes