unit 1 chemistry cover
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What are ligands?
Negative ions or molecules with nonbonding pairs of electrons that they donate to the central metal atom or ion, forming dative covalent bonds.
When do d orbitals split to higher and lower energies?
When the electrons present in approaching ligands cause the electrons in the orbitals lying along the axes to be repelled.
How can heterogeneous catalysis be explained in terms of?
The formation of activated complexes and the adsorption of reactive molecules onto active sites.
What is thought to allow activated complexes to form?
The presence of unpaired d electrons or unfilled d orbitals.
What can homogeneous catalysis be explained in terms of?
Changing oxidation states with the formation of intermediate complexes.