Cell Theory and Membrane

A cell is the basic structural and functional unit of an organism.

Cells are the smallest level of life’s organization that demonstrate all the characteristics of life.

All cells contain a cell membrane, cytoplasm, DNA, and ribosomes.

The two major types are prokaryotes (bacteria), and eukaryotes.

Eukaryotes (multi/single cellular -> animals, fungi, plants, protists) have a visible nucleus, while prokaryotes have no nucleus, just organized DNA within the cytoplasm. Prokaryotes (unicellular -> archaea, bacteria) lack membrane-bound organelles, while Eukaryotes have them. Prokaryotes reproduce asexually, while Eukaryotes reproduce through both.

Molecules that have no charge and cluster together, separating from polar/charged molecules.

Molecules with partial charges, where negatively charged electrons cluster in one area.

Large, complex structures consisting of many atoms joined together.

Lipids, nucleic acids, proteins, and carbohydrates.

Non polar biomolecules that store energy in cell membranes

Biomolecules that store information and allow for heredity.

Biomolecules that provide structure to cells and carry out most actions within cells.

Biomolecules that store energy and can be used for communicating signals.

Structures inside a cell, typically surrounded by a membrane, each with a specific role.

Contains genetic material (DNA), protected by the nuclear membrane.

Ribosomes are small ‘molecular machines’ that create proteins using instructions from DNA.

Cytoplasm (not an organelle) is the substance found inside the cell membrane boundary, containing structures necessary for life functions. It is mostly made up of polar molecules.

The cytoplasm is a water-based substance that fills the cell and organizes its inner components.

The powerhouses of the cell, providing energy needed for chemical reactions.

Small membrane-bound sacs that transport materials around the cell + to the cell membrane.

Storage locations in cells.

Recycle waste using enzymes that break down old molecules into reusable parts.

Organelles that make proteins in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes.

A folded membrane - can be rough or smooth. Rough - synthesizes proteins w/ ribosomes Smooth - creates lipids