SG 1: Chap 2 Scientific Method & Chem

unit of matter that cant be broken down any smaller

subatomic particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons

Protons are +, electrons are -, an neutrons are neutral

~anything that takes up space & has mass ~all forms matter are made of atoms.

solids, liquids, and gases

Pure form of matter containing only one kind of atoms ~all the atoms of a particular element contain the same # of protons.

~are atoms that have the same number of protons but differ in the number of neutrons. ~exp: Carbon has 3 types of isotopes: 6p, 6e: atomic weight: 12C; 6p,7e; 6p,8e: atomic Weight: 14C

radiation emitting isotope; unstable isotopes that release excess energy or particles as they break down.

there are two types of chemical bonds: covalent & Ionic bonds. they hold ions in a compound together.

they gain, lose or share electrons

the innermost shell contains 2 electrons, 2nd shell contains 8 electrons, & when an atom contains more than 8 electrons they have additional shells.

Objective: to find where microbes come from to cause broth to decay. Hypothesis: they come from cells of organisms on dust particles in air, not air it self. Methods: used two flasks, 1 straight, another curved. conclusion: spontaneous generation is not real, germs can only come from other germs.

is an educated guess about the answer to a question.

a theory is a well supported and wide-ranging explanation of some aspect of the physical world that is acquired through the scientific method, and repeatedly confirmed through observation, hypothesis and experimentation.

a controlled experiment is designed in such a way that there can only be on e explanation for the results. the subjects are randomly selected and get divided into two groups: a control group and the experimental group. the only thing that changes is the independent variable.

is a med w/no active ingredient. A placebo is often used as a “control” in one group of people in order to study the effectiveness of an experimental drug or treatment in another group of people by comparing the results.

A theory is the result of testing a hypothesis and developing an explanation that is taken to be true about a phenomena. A theory replaces the hypothesis.

• Molecule 2. cell 3. tissue 4. organ 5. organ system 6. individual 7. population 8. community 9. ecosystem 10 biosphere

an ionic bon results from the the mutual attraction of oppositely charged ions. oppositely charged ions are attracted to one another. they are weaker than covalent bonds

the tail region of the phospholipid made up of fatty acids is nonpolar. “water fearing”

the region of the phospholipid (head) is polar. “water loving” head.

A polymer is a macromolecule that consists of many small repeating molecular subunits linked in a chain. “pearl necklace”

A molecule with a net dipole as a result of the opposing charges (i.e. having partial positive and partial negative charges) from polar bonds arranged asymmetrically. exp: water. a region of the molecule that is slightly pos and the other region neg

are small molecular subunits that form the building blocks of the polymers. “are the individual pearls unlinked”