Diseases and health monitoring in laboratory animals
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Name some causes of disease
• infections • age • tumours • immune system • metabolic • behaviour • environment • parturition • developmental defects • iatrogenic • genetics
Name some consequences of disease
They have consequences on • immune response • growth rate • tumour development • behaviour • longevity • fertility
How may immunodeficient animals differ from “normal” ones?
• Disease • clinical course • duration • chronic carriers • clinical signs are often unspecific • subclinical disease is common • lesions • severity • characteristic lesions not always present • unusual pathologies
What does gnotobiotic mean?
• a controlled environment containing one or a few kinds of organisms • free from other living organisms • can be • specific pathogen free • germ-free
What are sentinels?
Microbiologically defined animals introduced into an animal group for surveillance purposes
When are sentinels used?
• normal animals • serology is not possible or unreliable • few or valuable animals • along prolonged experiments • suspicion of disease • to test that control measures adopted for eradicating agents were successful
What is health monitoring?
• laboratory tests • active search for organisms • defines status regarding specific infectious diseases • apparently healthy animals
When are diagnostic necropsies performed?
• disease or mortality • unexpected experimental results • circumstancial evidence that something may have happened: transportation, dietary changes, environmental monitoring, barrier failure etc.