Respiratory and circulatory

Only fluid tissue in the body Man’s body: 5-6L, Woman’s body: 4-5L Blood cells are called “formed elements” 55% of blood is plasma, 45% formed elements Plasma separated through centrifugation Blood is a colloid

Yellowish liquid 90% water Nutrients, antibodies, hormones, waste dissolved Transports nutrients to cells Transports waste to excretory organs Transports antibodies and hormones

Red colored cells Disk shaped (doughnut) No nucleus No organelles Transports oxygen with the help of hemoglobin (a protein) Transports carbon dioxide

Transparent Protects body against diseases, bacteria, viruses Deals with immunity

Small fragments of cells in bone marrow (flexible tissue in interior of bones) No nucleus Irregular shapes Helps blood clotting (stop you from bleeding)

Four types: A, B, AB, O You can determine blood types by presence or absence of “Substance A” and “Substance B” on membrane of cell Rhesus factor (Rh factor) also on membrane and helps determine if blood is positive or negative Rh factor presence means Rh positive, no Rh factor means Rh negative

Open to the outside through nostrils and end in pharynx Coated with mucus ( produced by glands) which moistens air Lined with hair that filters dust particles when we breathe

Part of the respiratory and digestive tract Air inhaled and food passes at different times (air towards trachea, food towards esophagus)

Connects pharynx to trachea Consists of mainly cartilage and has vocal cords Carries air Produces sound (vocal cords vibrate when we exhale which creates sound)

Made of cartilage rings to hold it open and give it strength Inner surface covered with mucus that traps dust Interior has cilia (hair like) that filters and purifies

Lower ends of trachea split in two bronchi Tubes directly under right and left lung Made of cartilaginous rings to hold them open Carry air into lungs

Spongy and elastic organs On each side of the heart Enclosed in rib cage Formed by millions of air sacs (alveoli) Gas exchanges between body and world

the dome-shaped sheet of muscle that separates the chest from the abdomen. It is attached to the spine, ribs and sternum the main muscle of respiration

Ribs and sternum(breastbone) lift Diaphragm lowers Volume of rib cage and lungs increase Pressure in lungs decreases Air enters (high pressure outside to low inside)

Ribs and sternum lower when muscles relax Diaphragm lift when relaxed Volume of rib cage and lungs decrease Pressure inside lungs increases Air exits (high to low pressure)

Oxygen MUST reach all the cells in our body Blood circulation allows oxygen to be distributed and carbon dioxide (a waste product of cellular respiration) must be expelled from the body This gas exchange takes place in the ALVEOLI in the lungs

Concentration of oxygen is higher in the alveoli than capillary blood so it diffuses from alveoli to blood Concentration of carbon dioxide is higher in capillary blood than alveoli so it diffuses from capillary blood to alveoli

blood blood vessels (carry blood) heart (pumps blood)

60000 miles

Transports oxygen and nutrients Helps your body maintain a controlled temperature Helps fight illnesses Deliver chemicals from foods and medicine to where they are needed

arteries capillaries veins

A blood vessel that transports blood from the heart to other parts of the body (AWAY from the heart) Largest blood vessel Thick elastic walls to withstand blood pressure

Blood vessels that allow exchanges between blood and the cells of organs Nutrients, oxygen, etc pass to cells and blood picks up carbon dioxide and other waste Small diameter and very thin walls (like alley way) Red blood vessels flow through them in single file

Transports blood from capillaries TOWARDS the heart Low pressure in veins Blood circulates through veins with help of muscle contractions Veins have valves that keep blood from flowing downwards because of gravity (muscles contractions also help)