Sexual Reproduction
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What is sexual reproduction
Sexual reproduction is the fusion of the nuclei of male and female gametes forming a zygote which develops into a genetically unidentifiable offspring.
What are gametes
Gametes are sex cells produced by male [ sperm ] and female [ ovum ] reproductive organs.
What do gametes contain
Gametes contain half the DNA of each individual, produced and stored in nucleus
What is a zygote
it is a fertilised ovum containing complete genetic material. It is genetically unidentifiable offspring due to containing half DNA of each parent
How is zygote formed
During fertilisation the sperm nucleus carrying half the fathers DNA fuses with the ovum nuclei carrying half mothers DNA. Now offspring has gained complete genetic material.
What is heredity
Passing down traits to the next generation via sexual reproduction
What are chromosomes
DNA in the nucleus of an animal or plant cell which is organised into bundles
How many chromosomes do humans have
23
How many chromosomes do gametes have
23 each gamete
How do children inherit traits
23 chromosomes from male gamete and 23 chromosomes from female gamete fuse to form a zygote with 46 chromosomes
From who does the offspring inherit and what
The offspring inherits traits randomly from mother or father. Can inherit hair and eye colour, height, ears, nose All siblings may not inherit same traits as it is chosen randomly
How do identical twins form
One fertilised egg splitting into two creating 2 siblings with identical DNA
What is puberty
• onset of sexual maturity in human body. Body is now capable of human reproduction
What are the changes during puberty for both genders
Height and weight increase Armpit hair and pubic hair Production and maturation of gametes
What are the puberty signs in males
• Deepening voice • Muscle strength increases • Sperm production
What are the puberty signs in females
• breasts develop • hips become broader and rounder • maturation of ova [plural ovum]
Name all the parts in the male reproductive system
• Testis • Scrotum • Penis • Urethra • Sperm duct 5.epididymis • Seminal valve Cowper’s Gland Prostate Gland [ SCP ]
What does testis do?
Produces sperm and a hormone called testosterone
What is the function of the epididymis
It matures and stores the sperm
What is the function of the sperm duct
It carries sperm from epididymis to urethra for ejculation
What does the seminal Valve Cowper’s Gland and prostate gland do?
Produces seminal fluid which sperms feeds on and swims in. Sperm + seminal fluid = semen
What does urethra do
Allows passage of sperm or urine
What does the penis do
It deposits sperm inside female body
what is the scrotum made for
Keeps testes at low temperature of 35C which is optimum temperature for Meiosis to occur.