computer systems
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how do you find negative numbers using twos complement?
make the leftmost number negative
how do you find binary range using twos complement?
calculate the range of numbers as if they were all positive (2^n) half it — this will be the lowest negative number subtract 1 to get highest positive number show the range
what happens if you increase the number of bits for the mantissa?
the number will be more precise
what happens if they are not enough bits if you increase the number of bits for mantissa?
the system has to round down losing precision
what happens if you increase the number of bits for exponent?
it increases the range of numbers that can be represented
what 3 things do you need to convert binary into floating point representation
the sign bit the mantissa the exponent
how do you find the exponent when converting from binary to floating point representation?
you float the point to the left hand side of the left most 1
when converting binary into floating point representation what is the value of the sign bit if the binary value is negative?
1
when converting binary into floating point representation what is the value of the sign bit if the binary value is positive?
0
how do we find the mantissa when converting from binary into floating point representation?
we use the resulting number and if needed add 0’s until it is the same as the number of bits allocated to mantissa
how many bits is ascii?
8 bits
what is a disadvantage of ascii
theres only a small amount of characters that can be stored
what is an advantage of ascii
it has a smaller file size so less storage is used up
how many bits is unicode?
16 bits
what is an advantage of unicode
able to store a extremely large of amount of characters and languages
what is a disadvantage of unicode
it has a larger file size so requires more storage
what are advantages to bitmap graphics?
• can produce realistic photographic images • control over pixel-level editing
what are disadvantages to bitmap graphics?
• resolution is set at point of creation and cannot be increased without a loss of quality (resolution dependent) • has a larger file size than a vector graphics file
what are advantages to vector graphics?
• can be scaled without a loss in quality (resolution independent) • vector objects can be edited independently of each other • vector objects can be easily moved • has a smaller file size than a bit-mapped graphics file
what are disadvantages to vector graphics?
• no control over pixel-level editing • unsuitable for photo-realistic images
explain the process of the fetch-execute cycle
• The processor sets up the address bus with the required address • The processor activates the read line on the control bus • An instruction is fetched from the memory location using the data bus and stored in the instruction register • The instruction in the instruction register is decoded and executed
What is a multi-core processor?
A processor with two or more separate processing units called cores.
What does each core in a multi-core processor contain?
An ALU, control unit, and registers.
How do multi-core processors improve performance?
The cores can process tasks in parallel (at the same time).