Midterm Review
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What is chemistry
The study of matter and its properties
How did chemistry originate
Originated from alchemy
What’s the difference between basic and applied research with an example of each?
Basic research is for the sake of increasing knowledge (climate research) Applied research is to solve a specific problem (solar cell research)
Define mass
A measure of the amount of matter in an object
Define matter
Anything that has mass and takes up space
What are two examples of a physical property
Freezing water into ice. Tearing paper
Give 2 examples of a chemical property
Fire or burning Rust/oxidation
What’s the difference between a homogeneous mixture and a heterogeneous mixture with an example of each
Homogeneous mixture is a solution has a uniform composition (salt water) Heterogeneous mixture does not have a uniform composition (cereal)
How do you go from a gas to a solid
Deposition
How do you go from a solid to a gas
Sublimation
Why do scientists need to use standard units of measure
So everyone has the same measurements and uses the same numbers
What is a base unit
A unit based on something in the real world Independent of others
How many SI base units are there
7
What is the meter based on
The distance of light travels in a vacuum
What is volume
The space occupied by an object
What is the equation for denstiy
Mass/volume
Define accuracy
How close measurements are to a target (accepted value)
Define precision
How close measurements are to one another
Significant figures indicate the ________ of a mearsurement
Precision
What did aristotle believe about the nature of matter
All matter was continuous.
What is the law of conversation of mass
Mass is neither created nor destroyed during ordinary chemical reactions or physical changes
Describe the experiment that JJ Thomson did with a cathode ray tube
He applied a magnetic field to a cathode ray tube and the tube was attracted to the positive charges in the magnetic field, meaning that the cathode rays are streams of negatively charged particles.
What did JJ Thomson discover
The Electron
What is the mass:mass ratio of an electron to a hydrogen atom
1/1840