Bio 30 Unit 2 Booklet 1
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what is a nucleotide
subunits of DNA which are composed of five carbon sugar phosphate nitrogen base
what is the backbone and teeth of DNA and how are they bonded
backbone - alternating phosphate and sugar groups COVALENTLY bonded teeth - nitrogen bases HYDROGEN bonding
DNA replication - what enzyme breaks apart the hydrogen bonds in the two strands of DNA
Helicase
What holds apart the two ‘unzipped’ DNA strands
SSB - Single Strand Binding proteins
What causes free floating bases to bind to the chain
DNA Polymerase III
What is the issue of DNA Ploymerase III? And its solutions?
it does not know where to begin - RNA primer gives starting point (RNA primer made by RNA primase) only moves on 5’ to 3’ - lagging strand is made in okazaki fragments
what are okazaki fragments
the lagging strand is built in these fragments in order to overcome the issue of DNA polymerase moving from 5’ to 3’. RNA primer will be spaced out for the DNA Polymerase III to fill it in backwards from the direction of helicase.
What is the role of ligase in DNA replication
glues together lagging and leading strands
Protein synthesis is made of what two sections?
Transcription - splitting DNA and making a copy of mRNA then Translation - proteins are made by tRNA bringing amino acids as described by the mRNA