The Body (biology #2)
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What is the Retina?
The Retina is the layer at the back of your eye that has a series of photoreceptor cells that help you brain understand what you’re seeing.
What are the 2 types of Cells in your eye?
Cone and Rod Cells.
What do the Rod Cells do?
Rod Cells help you see changes in light and darkness, as well as movement of objects. They work best in dim lighting, which help enhance night vision.
What do Cone Cells do?
Cone Cells help you see colour. There are 3 types of cone cells; red, green and blue. These cells work in bright light, and most are found near the Fovea, which is close to the Optic Nerve.
Can Cone Cells be tricked into seeing different colours?
Yes! When cone cells are activated, the cells may be tricked into seeing other colours.
How does colour blindness happen?
Colour blindness happens when certain cone photoreceptors send the wrong signals to the brain.
What is the most common type of colour blindness, where is it found, and is it genetic?
Red-Green is the most common type of colour blindness, it’s mainly found in males, and yes, it is genetic.
Can you fix colour-blindness?
Sort of. With special glasses, colour blindness may be corrected.
What species has the best sense of taste?
Catfish do! They have up to 200 000 taste buds all over their body, while humans have 10 000 in comparison.
What are the 5 main types of taste the human can detect? (FAKE EYES OPENNNN)
Bitterness, sweetness, sourness, saltiness and savouriness/umami.
What do 4 of the 5 main tastes do?
They often help prepare the body for digestion of nutritious foods.
What does bitterness mean to human taste buds?
Poison. Bitterness, to the human body, is often translated as something that may be harmful to the body.
What does Sweetness mean to the human taste buds?
Sweetness often means the food contains sugars like glucose. Sugariness is often seen as a desirable taste, because of the high number of calories in sugar, which encourages the brain to consume more.
What does sourness do?
Sourness detects the amount of acidity in the food. Sourness in a tolerable amount may help encourage saliva production, and may neutralize the acidity. Too much sourness means the food may be inedible.
What does Saltiness do?
Saltiness help identify the amount of salt within a food. Salt is an effective electrolyte for the body, but too much, as always, is bad for you and will cause a bad reaction within your body.
What does savouriness, or umami do?
Savouriness/umami help detect the protein level within a food. Proteins are good for the body, so protein-rich food will often taste good to humans.
Why do carnivores have less taste buds?
Carnivores need less taste buds since they only need to know if the meat that they’re eating is rancid, rotten or not. (bitterness and sourness are good) Most big cats can’t taste sweet foods.
Do Herbivores or Omnivores have more taste buds?
Herbivore will often have more, since they protect them against poison.
Do land or aquatic animals have more taste buds?
Aquatic animals, like fish, often have plenty of taste buds so they can identify food sources underwater.
Can respiratory infections interfere with taste?
Yep.
Exposure to Chemicals and Radiation around the head can do what?
They can interfere with the normal functions of the taste buds, which is why patients of chemotherapy often dislike the taste of food.
Poor Oral Hygiene can do what?
It can cause Bacteria growth on your taste buds, interfering with taste.
How do humans produce Vitamin D?
Vitamin D is created by the Cholesterol in your body. When your body is exposed to the sun’s UVB rays, it triggers the production of Vitamin D.
What are the 3 levels of skin? (in order)
the Epidermis, Dermis and the Hypodermis.