Respiratory System

Exchange of gases between the blood and the lungs.

Exchange of gases between the blood and cells

• Nose 2. Pharnyx 3. Larynx 4. Trachea 5. Two bronchi 6. Bronchioles 7. Two lungs and the pleura (their covering) 8. Muscles of breathing - intercostal muscles and the diaphragm

• Warm the air 2. Filter it (hairs trap larger particles, mucus traps smaller particles and dust) 3. Humidifcation

Extends from the base of the skull to the 6th vertebra. Coated with a mucus membrane lining and is composed of a ciliated columnar epithelium. INSERT PHOTO HERE

• Warming and humidifying. 2. Taste 3. Hearing 4. Protection 5. Speech

Aka “voice box” Links the pharynx and the trachea. Found at the 3rd-6the vertebrae.

Fund below the larynx and extends downward to the 5th thoracic vertebra where it divides at the carina into the bronchi

Lead shaped fiobroelastic cartilage, covered with stratified squamous epithelium. Closes off the larynx during swallowing to protect the lungs from accidental inhalation of foreign objects.

Point where he trachea divides into the right and left bronchi.

• Outer layer - fibrous and elastic tissues which enclose the cartilage. 2. Middle layer - bands of cartilage and and smooth muscle which wind around the trachea. 3. Ciliated columnar epithelium containing mucus secreting goblet cells

• Apex 2. Base 3. Costal Surface 4. Medial surface

Space between the lungs that is occupied by the heart, great vessels, trachea, right and left bronchi, esophagus, lymph nodes, lymph vessels and nerves.

Right Lung: -Superior, Middle and Inferior Lobes Left Lung: -Superior Lobe -Inferior Lobe

Consists of a closed sac of serous membrane which contains a small amount of serous fluid. The lung is pushed into the sac so two layers form, one adheres to the lung, the other to the thoracic cavity.

Adherent to the lung, covers each lobe and passes into the fissures that separate them.

Adherent to the inside of the chest wall and the thoracic surface of the diaphragm.

Bronchioles –> Terminal Bronchioles –> Respiratory Bronchioles –> Alveolar Ducts –> Alveoli Wider passages are called conducting airways because they bring air into the lungs but their walls are too thick to permit gas exchange.

Only present in the larger airways as it is too rigid to allow expansion.

Replaces cartilage in the smaller tubes of the lungs. Allows expansion and contraction.

Ciliated epithelium is gradually replaced with non-ciliated epithelium.

Site of gas exchange within the lungs. Found at the end of the alveolar ducts.

Made up of the alveolar wall and the ` wall which are fused together, site of gas exchange in the lungs (external respiration).

Secreted by septal cells, a phospholipid fluid which prevents the alveoli from drying out. Also reduces surface tension and prevent alveolar walls from collapsing during expiration. Facilitates the initiation of respiration in babies.