1.2.4 Types Of Programming Language

• are different approaches to using a programming language to solve a problem • can be imperative or declarative

• uses code that clearly specifies the actions to be performed step by step • uses statements that change a programs state e.g in the form of sequence selection etc

• states the desired result and the programming language determines best how to obtain the result • eg. Functional programming

• an imperative paradigm • breaks a solution down into subroutines • programs are written as a sequence of instructions to be executed • instructions are excecuted in a step by step manner • are easy to write and interpret

• Low level mnemonic representation of machine code that is computer architecture/processor specific • uses mnemonics which are abbreviations/ sequences of letters that are easy to remember e.g ADD for addition [1] • each line in assembly language is equivalent to one line of machine code

• machine code instructions are made up of an opcode and operand • addressing mode specifies how the operand should be interpreted

• is part of the instruction and indicates what to do (as well as the addressing mode)

• immediate addressing • direct addressing • indirect addressing • indexed addressing

• the operand is the actual value upon which the instruction is performed • the operand is part of the instruction

• the value of the operand is a reference to the address in memory where the required value is located

• the operand gives the address of a register which holds another address where the data is located

• an index register is used which stores a certain value. • The address of where the data is located is determined by adding the operand to the contents of the index register • used to access data stored contiguously in memory eg. In arrays

• addressing modes allow for a much greater number of locations for data to be stored in, as the size of the operand would otherwise limit the number of addresses that could be accessed

• acts as a blueprint/template for creating objects with specific attributes and methods [1] • classes provide a way to organise code in a modular way [1]

• a particular instance of a class with its own unique values and properties

• are functions associated with objects or classes that define the actions an object can perform

• performs a task and must return a single value

Performs a task but does not have to return a value

• a special method within a class that is automatically called when an object of that class is instantiated • used to create an instance of an object from a class [1]