Chapter 17.4, 17.5 - Benzene & Amines
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What are the reaction conditions for the bromination of benzene?
Heat under reflux Halogen carrier catalyst
What is the equation for the bromination of benzene?
Benzene + Br2 -> Bromobenzene + HBr
What are the reaction conditions for the nitration of benzene?
Sulfuric acid catalyst
What is the equation for the nitration of benzene?
Benzene + Nitric acid -> Nitrobenzene + Water
What does nitrobenzene have attached?
NO2
What are the reaction conditions of the alkylation of benzene?
Halogen carrier catalyst
What is the equation for the alkylation of benzene?
Benzene + Halogenoalkane -> Alkylebenzene + HX
Give an example equation for the alkylation of benzene
Benzene + Chloromethane -> Methylbenzene + HCl
What are the reaction conditions for the acylation of benzene?
Halogen carrier catalyst
What is the equation for the acylation of benzene?
Benzene + Acyl chloride -> Ketone (with attached benzene ring) + HCl
Give an example equation for the acylation of benzene
Benzene + Ethanoyl chloride -> Phenylethanone + HCl
How do you produce benzenesulfonic acid?
By reacting benzene with FUMING sulfuric acid
What is the electrophile in the reaction between benzene and FUMING sulfuric acid?
Sulfur trioxide
What is the reagent used to source sulfur trioxide?
FUMING sulfuric acid
Why is sulfur trioxide an effective nucleophile?
The sulfur has a large partially positive charge, as it surrounded by 3 more electronegative oxygen atoms