TM: Reactions
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What is a ligand substitution reaction?
One ligand is replaced by another ligand
What occurs in a substitution reaction between same sized ligands?
Change in ligand but coordination number stays the same
What occurs in a substitution reaction of different sized ligands?
Coordination number and structure may change
What is the chelate effect?
When ligands that can form more coordinate bonds (bidentate) replace other ligands (monodentate). Due to the more ions formed, ΔS increases and only the reactions which creates more ions is feasible.
How is [Co(NH3)6]2+ formed from [Co(H2O)6]2+
[Co(H2O)6]2+ + 6NH3 -> [Co(NH3)6]2+ + 6H2O
How is [CoCl4]2– formed from [Co(H2O)6]2+
[Co(H2O)6]2+ + 4Cl- -> [CoCl4]2– + 6H2O
How is [Cr(NH2CH2CH2NH2)3]3+ formed from [Cr(NH3)6]3+
[Cr(NH3)6]3+ + 3NH2CH2CH2NH2 -> [Cr(NH2CH2CH2NH2)3]3+ + 6NH3
Complex and ligand of haem
C: Iron L: Multidentate
Why is CO and CN- toxic?
Better ligands then O2 so bind to haemoglobin preferentially.
What is the redox potential
Measure of tendancy to gain or loose electrons in volts
Conditions for easy oxidiation of a transition metal
Alkaline conditions Base ligands
Conditions of reducing V5+ to V2+
Zinc as reducing agent Acidic conditions (HCl) Cotton wool in neck to prevent V2+
Colour change when reducing V
Yellow to blue to green to violet