Atmosphere and Air pollution

Daily changes in temperature, wind, precipitation, wind speed, atmospheric pressure, cloudiness

Long-term temperature and precipitation trends Average of weather conditions over 30 years

Thin layer around Earth, protects from UV Radiation, regulates climate Storage of gases____ Dissipates pollutants Has aerosols

Where weather occurs, water cycle and breathing air Around 10km 99% of water vapor found here Higher is lower air pressure, lower temperature, lower air density

Ozone layer is found here; GHG effects occur 10km above ground Higher is increase in temperature due to Ozone absorption of UV Rays Lacks turbulence, updrafts of troposphere beneath Commercial jets fly below this layer to avoid turbulence What happens when there is a lack of vertical convection?

Breakdown of meteors; high concentration of iron and metal atoms 50km above ground Higher is lower temperature and lower air pressure Coldest layer in earth Can’t breath because air is thin; low air density What are the odd electrical charges?

90km above ground High energy x-rays and UV is absorved from sun Higher is increase in temperature Lowest air density among the layers; like outer space, satellites orbit here Infrequent gas collisions X-ray and UV break molecules apart Super hot but feels cold because no molecules to absorb heat Varies in height due to puff up caused by absorption of radiation; generates drag force for satellites Auroras occur here; charged particles collide with atoms and molecules exciting them into higher energy

No clear boundary Very very very thin air Small portions of atmosphere leaks into space

In mesosphere and thermosphere Vary night and day; D disappears, E weakens, F Remains Electrically charged atoms and molecules by sun called ions stay in these areas

Reflectance of whiteness Clouds reflect suns energy back into space Helps lower earths temperature Increase water vapor; increase clouds; increase ____ Decease in ___; radiation; higher temeprature

Gases trap heat in atmosphere from surface Atmosphere transmits sunlight but traps some heat

Natural GHGE enhanced with increasing concentrations of GHG in atmosphere

Colorless, highly reactive Major component of photochemical smog Absorbs energy from incoming UV Radiation from sun

Substance released at a concentration sufficient to harm

Part of biogeochemical cycles Natural hazards: ___,___,___,___

Released in concentrated regions in concentrated areas and disrupt natural cycles Released faster than natural cleansing mechanisms What are the three sources?

Harmful when released directly into air from natural processes and human activity Give example

Interaction of primary pollutants reacting with basic component of air that causes bad chemicals Give examples

Carbon compound + oxidant + Nitrogen = carbon dioxide + water + nitrogen oxides and VOCs

*Not enough oxygen to oxidize Carbon compound + oxygen = carbon monoxide + Soot (C) + water + energy

Pollutant: Colorless, odorless, highly toxic Forms during incomplete combustion What are the effects?

Pollutant: Colorless, odorless 93% from natural cycle, 7% from anthropogenic sources What are its effects?

Pollutant: Colorless; forms at high combustion temperatures in cars and power plants 4 types What are its effects?

Pollutant: Odorless, colorless, non-flammable gas GHG from fertilizer and animal waste and fossil fuels What are its effects?