Test 5

the branch of science which studies the passing of traits from parents to offspring (heredity)

The passing of traits from parents to offspring.

unique characteristicsthat are passed down from parents through genes

the more powerful, stronger characteristic; the one that is seen

the less powerful, weaher characteristic; the one that is not seen

Father of genetics. Austrian monk who experimented with pea plants and discovered Law of Dominance, Principle of Independent Assortment, and the Principle of Segregation.

MENDEL’S 1ST LAW- states that when egg and sperm cells join, the paired genes segregate so that a sperm or an egg has 1 variation of the characteristic, not both.

MENDEL’S 2ND LAW- states that characteristics are inherited separately of one another.

MENDEL’S 3RD LAW- states that each inherited trait is determined by 2 genes, one from each parent.

Along the stem

At the end of the stem

Flower Color (D-purple & r-white) Flower Position (D- axial & r- terminal) Plant Height (D- tall & r- short/dwarf) Pod Shape/Texture (D- full & r- constricted) Pod Color (D- green & r- yellow) Seed Shape (D- smooth & r- wrinkled) Seed Color (D- yellow & r- green)

The generation that begins a cross between organisms.

Offspring of the parental generation F1: 1st generation

a chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that can result from a genetic cross

an organism’s physical appearance - visible traits

an organism’s genetic makeup; the allele combination - not seen e.g. Tt, ww, RR

a trait in which one allelle is dominant and the other is recessive (hybrid)

a trait in which both alleles are either dominant or recessive (purebred)

one variation of the gene for a particular trait- half of a genotype

When both dominant traits are evident e.g. chickens with black and white feathers

When dominant traits are blended

He studied seven different characteristics in pea plants. (1856)

The Parental Generation