C10-Organic Reactions
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What are alkenes?
hydrocarbons with a double carbon-carbon bond. It forms a homologous series
Formula for alkenes
CnH2n
First four members of alkenes
Ethene,propene,butene,pentene
Why are alkene molecules unsaturated?
Alkene molecules are unsaturated because they contain two fewer hydrogen atoms than the alkane with the same number of carbon atoms. -They also contain double bonds.
How are alkenes used?
Formation of polymers Chemical feedstock
Functional group of alkenes
C = C
What determines the reactions of organic compounds
Generality of reactions of functional groups
What is an organic compound?
Contains carbon
What is a homologous series?
A functional group of organic compounds that have similar characteristics and follow a generic formula
What is a functional group
Is the atom or group of atoms that are responsible for characteristic reactions of a molecule
How to test ethene
A lighted splint.
What happens when alkenes react with oxygen in combustion?
They tend to burn in rhe air with smoky flames becsuse of incomplete combustion. They also release legg energy per mole
What do alkenes react with
Hydrogen,oxygen,water and the halogens
Example of complete combustion
Ethene + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water
Formula of halogen addition and give Example of addition reaction with halogen
Alkene + halogen -> Dihaloalkane Ethene + bromine ->dinromoethane
What is an addition reaction
When two molecules join together to form one product.
Example of hydrogen addition reaction and how does it work
Alkene + hydrogen -> alkane Ethene+ hydrogen -> ethane
Conditions for addition reaction of hydrogen
Nickel catalyst About 150°c
Addition reaction with water and example
Alkene + water -> alcohol Ethene+ steam -> ethanol
Conditions for addition reaction with water
300°c 60-70atm pressure Phosphoric acid catalyst
What is a dihaloalkane?
A dihaloalkane is an alkane in which two hydrogen atoms have been replaced by two halogen atoms.
Alcohol functional group
-OH
First four members of alcohols
Methanol Ethanol Propanol Butanol
How are alcohols formed?
Ethanol can be formed from the fermentation of sugar - warm a sealed mixture of yeast and a sugar solution. glucose → ethanol + carbon dioxide