Motions and Forces
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Collect and record data by recording the data in a suitable table
Plot suitable distance-time graphs from data, where
Convert one unit of measurement into another unit of measurement
10 newtons = 1kg
Calculate speed from raw data
Divide the total distance travelled by the total time taken. (speed = distance ÷ time)
Calculate speed from a distance-time graph
By calculating the slope (gradient) of the line by determining the rise ÷ run.
Draw a distance-time graph from raw data
Describe what graph slope means in terms of speed in a graph
o A horizontal line represents a stationary object o A positive or negative slope represents an object moving away from or towards the starting point o A changing slope represents changing speed (an acceleration) o The value of the slope is equal to the speed of the object
What does the slope of a speed-time graph represent
The slope of a speed-time graph represents its acceleration.
Use ticker timers to measure speed and describe it
and I know that the separation of the dots increase when speed increases
Analyse a ticker tape to calculate acceleration by:
Recognise that there are different types of forces
Contact forces: - Machines - Muscles - Friction - Wind/Waves - Supporting structures Non - Contact forces: - Gravity - Magnetic - Electrostatic - Nuclear
Recognise Newton’s Third Law of Motion
Forces have an equal or opposite force.
Recognise the apparatus needed to measure force
Newtonmeter is the device used for measuring force acting on an object.
Recognise the difference between mass and weight
Mass: a measure of the amount of substance in an object. It is measured in kgs and mass never changes. Weight: The pull of gravity on an object. Usually measured in newtons, and can vary from place to place.
Recognise Newton’s First Law of Motion
A stationary object remains stationary, and an object in motion stays in motion at constant speed and in a straight line unless acted on by an unbalanced force.
Recognise the link between force, mass and acceleration
F = ma (a = f/m), or net force is equal to mass times acceleration
Recognise Newton’s Second Law of Motion
F = ma, or net force is equal to mass times acceleration
Recognise de-acceleration
is the slowing down of an object and the force acting on the object is acting in the opposite direction to its motion
Understand what “energy” means in science
The ability to do work.
Recognise The Law of Conservation of Energy
Energy cannot be created or destroyed only transformed (Joules).
What is energy change
Any energy change in an object is associated with work
What is work
Work is the amount of energy transferred when an object is moved.
What happens if an object moves when a force is applied
If an object moves when a force is applied, the energy change or work done is equal to the applied force multiplied by the distance moved
What is power
Power is the rate at which work is done. Power = work done/time