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Ch. 16

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Total cards: 24•Content version: v4•Public deck•Updated: 8/1/2026

Card preview (24)

#1
Front (Question)

composition of the atmosphere (3)

Back (Answer)

• 78% nitrogen • 21% oxygen • 1% other (argon, CO2, methane, water vapor)

#2
Front (Question)

Layers of the atmosphere (4)

Back (Answer)

• troposphere • air pollution issues • stratosphere • air pollution issues • Ozone layer: protects from UV rays • mesosphere • thermosphere

#3
Front (Question)

define pollution

Back (Answer)

addition of matter or energy that degrades the environment

#4
Front (Question)

2 sources of pollutants

Back (Answer)

• natural 2. anthropogenic (human-produced)

#5
Front (Question)

dense population centers and pollutants (3)

Back (Answer)

• use large quantities of fossil fuels for manufacturing, transportation, and domestic activities • release large quantities of pollutants • high population density correlated with poor air quality

#6
Front (Question)

primary air pollutants

Back (Answer)

directly released from a source

#7
Front (Question)

what does primary air pollutants include (5)

Back (Answer)

• carbon monoxide (CO) • volatile organic compounds (VOCs) • particular matter (PM) • sulfur dioxide (SO2) • oxides of nitrogen (NOx)

#8
Front (Question)

secondary air pollutants

Back (Answer)

results from interaction of primary air pollutants in presence of sunlight

#9
Front (Question)

what does secondary air pollutants include (4)

Back (Answer)

• Ozone (O3) • particular matter (PM) • oxides of nitrogen (NOx) • peroxyacetyl nitrates (PAN)

#10
Front (Question)

How many pollutants has EPA established standards for?

Back (Answer)

6 “Criteria Pollutants”

#11
Front (Question)

6 “criteria pollutants”

Back (Answer)

• carbon monoxide (CO) • particular matter (PM) • sulfur dioxide (SO2) • nitrogen dioxide (NO2) • lead (PB) • Ozone (O3)

#12
Front (Question)

hazardous air pollutants (HAPs or air toxics)

Back (Answer)

separate category of substances with higher toxicity (187 total HAPs)

#13
Front (Question)

examples of HAPs (6)

Back (Answer)

• benzene • methyl chloride • perchloroethylene • asbestos • mercury • dioxin

#14
Front (Question)

Formation of carbon monoxide (CO)

Back (Answer)

formed from combustion of fossil fuels

#15
Front (Question)

impacts of CO (1)

Back (Answer)

binds to hemoglobin, reducing ability of blood to carry oxygen

#16
Front (Question)

current status of CO

Back (Answer)

70% reduction for 1990-2009

#17
Front (Question)

particular matter (PM)

Back (Answer)

solid particles and liquid drops dispersed into atmosphere

#18
Front (Question)

formation of PM10 (6)

Back (Answer)

• coarse particles • dust from road travel • agriculture • construction • industry • smoke

#19
Front (Question)

formation of PM2.5 (2)

Back (Answer)

• fine particles - secondary pollutants such as sulfates and nitrates

#20
Front (Question)

impacts of PM (2)

Back (Answer)

• reduced visibility 2. respiratory probs

#21
Front (Question)

Current status of PM10

Back (Answer)

38% reduction for 1990-2009

#22
Front (Question)

current status of PM2.5

Back (Answer)

27% reduction for 2000-2009

#23
Front (Question)

formation of sulfur dioxide (SO2) (2)

Back (Answer)

• formed from combustion of fossil fuels (coal) - most SO2 generated by power plants

#24
Front (Question)

Impacts of SO2 (3)

Back (Answer)

• aggravates respiratory probs • reacts with H2O and O2 to form acids • can be inhaled or contribute to acid precipitation