Breeding and Genetics

generation of gametes for sexual reproduction through meiotic division

containing only one set of chromosomes, gametes are these

When two gametes (haploid cells) fuse together

Animals inherit one set from father and one set from mother

heterozygous

homozygous

controlled by one, or very few genes and are much easier to predict

controlled by many loci

a continuum stating herd distribution and likelihood of a trait

the shape of the normal curve is determined by a measure of the amount of variation in the population

phenotypic mean (herd average) is located at the very center of the

frequency of the phenotype occurs on the

the way alleles interact with each other (dominance, recessive)

dominant allele completely masks the effects of the recessive allele; in this case the phenotype is identical to that of the dominant

the phenotype of the offspring is somewhere in the middle, more closely resembling the dominant

phenotype of the heterozygote is outside the range of possible phenotypes exhibited by the two parents (more closely related to dominant allele)

no dominance whatsoever

phenotype is exactly intermediate to the two homozygotes (no dominant allele)

chromosomes that determine the sex of the individual

pattern of inheritance for sex-related (female/male) genes is referred to as

traits in which phenotypic expression is limited to one sex

phenotypic expression differs among males and females even if the genotype is the same

different loci are also interacting with each other

population average (u) + genetic effects (G) + environmental effects (E) =