Chapter 8 sti
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what are communicable diseases
Disease transmitted from person to person
What is Endemic
Communicable disease in which a small number of cases are continually present in the population
Direct transmission is composed of
Direct physical contact (casual, sex) Droplet spread (coughing, sneezing) Fluids/Blood
Indirect transmission composed of
Contaminated food or water Insects (vector)
what is syphlis called
Treponema pallidum
explain the stages of syphilis
1) primary syphilis: causes chancres highley infections persists 4-6 weeks 2)skin rash and enlarged lymph nodes Begins several months after chancre has healed and lasts 2-3 years. latenet phase last manny years 3) teritary: after 3-15 years, not communicable organism remains active causing organ damage due to CHRONIC inflammation.
How can syphilis be detected
1) microscopic exam: detection of trepnoma from the fluid in chancres. 2) serological tests: Useful for diagnosing disease in asymptomatic individuals
what is Gonorrhea called
Neisseria Gonorrhea
what is special about Gonorrhea
clinical manifestations differ between males and females.
what are common symtoms between males and females when it comes to gonorrhea
-discharge -painful urination -stertility
Disseminated gonococcal infection is composed of
-Organisms gain access into bloodstream -Fever; joint pain; multiple small skin abscesses; infections of the joints, tendons, heart valves, meninges
How is gonorrhea diagsnosed
-Culture swab in suspected sites -Nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT): Based on identification of nucleic acids in organism
What is the treatent for gonorrhea
antibiotics but not penicillin becuase it is resistent.
What are the different types of herpes
Herpes type 1: infects oral mucouse mebranes, usually infected in childhood, most adults have antibodies for it, may cause genital infections Herpes type 2: infects genital tract, 80% of cases vesicles and shallow ulcers after exposure are infectious
How is herpes diagnosed
Viral cultures from vesicles or ulcers most reliable diagnostic test Serologic tests in some cases
What is the treatment for herpes
antivirals, acyclovir shortens course and reduces severity but does not eradicate virus.
What STI causes encephalitis
Herpes hits trigeminal nerve.
In what way is chlamydia similar to gonorhea
spread to fallopian tubes and discharge.
Treatment for chlamydia
Antibiotics
How is chalmydia diagnosed
Detection of chlamydial antigens in cervical or urethral secretions Fluorescence microscopy Cultures (swabs) Nucleic acid amplification tests: based on chlamydial nucleic acids
List other common but less serious STD
-HPV genital warts. -Trichomonas vaginalis (parasite) -Scabies and crabs
Explain HIV life cycle
1) the virus binds to CD4 and enters cells 2)revers transcriptase converts RNA into DNA. 3)This DNA is then transported into nucleus 4)The integration of the viral DNA into the host cell’s genome by integrase 5)After integration, virus can remain dormant in the cellular genome as provirus 6)Upon cellular activation, genes are transcribed and viral RNA is transported to cytoplasm 7)