blood groups and transfusion
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Describe three responses to blood loss
reducing blood loss through haemostasis increasing production of RBC actions of the sns
Define the term antigen
a substance that is recognised as foreign by the immune system and generates an immune response.
State which antigen each blood group has
A - a antigens B - b antigens AB - both a and b O- no antigens
What antibodies are present in each blood group plasma
A - antibody B B - antibody A AB - neither O - antibodies A and B
state the blood type for universal recipients and why can they receive blood from all blood groups
AB positive they have no a, b or d antibodies in their plasma
state the blood type for universal donors and why they can donate to all blood groups
O negative no a b or d antigens therefore no a or b antibodies
Explain the difference between blood typing and cross-matching
typing is identifying the blood group cross matching is the mixing of donor and recipient blood for compatibility
what are the 6 transfusion reactions
1 acute haemolytic 2 febrile 3 mild allergic 4 anaphylactic 5 circulatory overload 6 sepsis
describe what causes a febrile reaction
reaction to donor WBC, platelets or plasma proteins
describe what causes an acute haemolytic reaction
incompatible blood transfusion • agglutination • haemolysis