Wk5- The Peripheral Nervous System
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What are 3 key roles of the PNS?
• Links CNS to organs and limbs • Transmits sensory information to CNS • Carries motor commands from CNS to PNS muscles and tissues
What are the 2 divisions within the PNS?
• Sensory / Afferent • Motor / efferent (SAME)
Sensory / Afferent Division PNS * Detects stimuli and transmits information to CNS What are the 2 subdivisions
• Somatic: skin and musculoskeletal system 2. Visceral: internal organs
Motor / Efferent division of PNS * Motor neurons convey motor instructions to different parts of the body. What are the voluntary/ involuntary sub divisions?
• Somatic : voluntary motor functions activate skeletal muscles • Visceral : Autonomic nervous system (ANS) Involuntary functions *sympathetic (fight/flight) *parasympathetic (rest/digest)
Sensory receptors have different types of nerve endings. What are the 2 types?
• Free nerve ending : no specialised structure 2. Encapsulated nerve ending : enclosed special structure - highly sensitive for specificity
There are 8 classes of sensory receptors. 1.exteroceptors 2.interoceptors 3.proprioceptors 4.mechanoreceptor 5.thermoreceptors 6.nociceptors 7.photoreceptors 8.chemoreceptors What are their locations / functions?
• Exteroceptors (external surface of body) • Interoceptors (internal inside vessels/organs) • proprioceptors (inside muscles/ joints tendons for articulation body positioning) • mechanoreceptors (touch/pressure/vibration) • thermoreceptors (temperature up/down) • nociceptors (pain- physical/ chemical damage/pain) • photoreceptors (detect light/vision) • chemoreceptors (detect chemicals- taste/smell)
The Autonomic Nervous System is the body’s auto pilot. The ANS maintains homeostatic conditions in physiological systems. What are the 2 sub divisions?
• Sympathetic (fight/flight) 2. parasympathetic (rest/digest)
The ANS Sympathetic sub division ; • rapidly prepares the body for s-/e-? • promotes a-? • uses 2 neurotransmitters A- and N-? • Adrenaline /E- ?are released into the bloodstream
• Stress and exertion • Alertness • Acetylcholine ; norepinephrine • Epinephrine
The ANS parasympathetic subdivision is responsible for normal body functions. • promotes relaxation and r-? • has much s- reactions • uses 1 neurotransmitter A-?
• Rest • Slower • Acetylcholine
Effects of sympathetic division: Vaso? in heart and skeletal muscle D? of pupils Increased heart ? and force of contraction Inhibition of ? system Increase in blood glucose and fatty acids D? of bronchial tubes Inhibition of ? secretion Activation of hair follicle pili muscles = ?bumps Increase blood tendency to clot
Vasodilation Dilation Rate Gastrointestinal Dilation Saliva Goose bumps
Effects of parasympathetic division: Decrease of heart ? and force of contraction ? of pupils Stimulation of ? system function ? of bronchial tubes Increase in ? secretion Promotion of glycogen synthesis
Rate Constriction Gastrointestinal Constriction Saliva