Alkanes 3.2
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describe the temperature gradient in a fractional distillation column
hotter at the bottom and cooler at the top
give the products from thermal cracking of alkanes
shorter alkanes and alkenes, and potentially hydrogen gas
what are the products from incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons
carbon monoxide, carbon particles/soot, carbon dioxide and water
what pollutants are released from an internal combustion engine
unburnt hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide , nitrogen oxides, carbon particles, carbon dioxide, water vapour, and sulfur dioxide
if a covalent bond breaks evenly, what type of fission has occured
homolytic
what is the general formula for alkanes
CnH2n+2
what happens in a termination step
radicals react with each other
give the formula of a methyl radical
.CH3
why does crude oil need to be seperated into fractions before use
different sized molecules have different properties (e.g. different boiling points) and thus different uses
what is a catalytic convertor made from
ceramic material that is covered in platinum and rhodium metals
why do we crack long-chain hydrocarbons
shorter ones are more valuable but only make up a small fraction of crude oil
what are the typical products from catalytic cracking
branched alkanes, cyclic compounds, and aromatic compounds
what are the products from complete combustion
CO2 and H2O
how can we remove sulfur dioxide from flue gases
use calcium oxide or calcium carbonate
what initiated the breaking of Cl-Cl bon?
UV light
what is the product if 2 methyl radicals react together
ethane
what are saturated hydrocarbons
compounds of hydrogen and carbon only, in which all the carbon-carbon bonds are single bonds
what is crude oil
a fossil fuel comprising a mixture of hydrocarbon chains of different lengths
what are alkanes
saturated hydrocarbons