Equilibrium
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What is dynamic equilibrium?
Forward reaction and backwards reaction is the same and remains at a constant rate. The concentration also remains at a constant rate. Occurs in a closed system.
What is Le Chatelier’s principle?
When a system at equilibrium is changed, the system will shift to counteract the change
302 <—> 203. Change in heat energy = +284KJmol-1 How would an increase in temperature impact the yield of ozone? [3]
[1] The forward (right) reaction is endothermic [2] Equilibrium shifts to oppose the increase in temperature [3] Yield increases
CO + 2H2 <—> CH3OH Change in heat energy = -91KJmol-1 How would an increase in temperature impact the yield of methanol? [3]
[1] Yield decreased [2] Forward reaction is exothermic [3] System opposes the change and moves left to the endothermic reaction
What does an increase in pressure do?
Equilibrium shifts to the side of the reaction with less moles
What does an increase in concentration of the reactants do?
Will favour the forward reaction of making more products
What does a catalyst do?
Affect the forward and backwards reaction equally so their is no effect. However does allow equilibrium to be reached faster.
Kc equation
[C]^c [D]^d / [A]^a [B]^b
Units of Kc most often
Moldm-3
What table can be used in order to complete Kc if you don’t have all the moles?
ICE table
Impact on Kc if concentration changes
No impact
Impact on Kc if a catalyst is used
No impact
Impact on Kc if temperature changes
Yes, is impacted Equilibrium position change results in different concentrations of reactants and products
What does it mean if Kc = >1
The more the position favours the forward reaction
What does it mean if Kc = 1
Equilibrium favours neither reaction
What does it mean if Kc = <1
The more the position of equilibrium favours the backwards reaction
What is the Kp?
Equilibrium constant for gaseous equilibria
Partial pressure of a specific gas formula
Partial pressure of A = ( moles of A / total moles ) x total pressure