Oxidation, Reduction and Oxidation States
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What does “redox” stand for?
Redox is short for reduction - oxidation reactions
What is an oxidising agent?
An electron acceptor, which causes another substance to lose electrons whilst it gains electrons
What is a reducing agent?
A reducing agent is a substance that donates electron to another substance, making it oxidised
What happens to electrons during oxidation?
Oxidation is the loss of electrons
What happens to electrons during reduction?
Reduction is the gain of electrons
What are half - equations in redox reactions?
Half - equations show either the gain or loss of electrons separately for oxidation and reduction
What must always happen in a redox reaction?
If one species is oxidised (loses electrons), another species must be reduced (gains electrons)
What is reduction?
Reduction is the gain of electrons
What is oxidation?
Oxidation is the loss of electrons
What is another name for oxidation states?
Oxidation states are also known as oxidation numbers
What is the oxidation state of an element in its uncombined state?
Zero
What does a positive/negative oxidation state indicate?
Positive = the element has loss electrons and has been oxidised Negative = the element has gain electrons and has been reduced
What does a more positive/negative oxidation number indicate?
Positive = The element has been more oxidised Negative = The element has been more reduced
Do oxidation states always include a sign?
Yes, oxidation numbers always have a + or - sign unless they are zero
Fill in the table to show the oxidation states for each element