Chapter 7
暂无描述。系统推荐的高质量记忆内容，适合每天坚持背诵学习。
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Quantum Numbers - n
Name: Principal Character: Shell (distance from the nucleus), determines energy, higher the n the higher the energy Value: (1…infinity)
Quantum Numbers - L
Name: Azimuthal Character: Subshell (type of orbitals) Value: (1-n) L=0 (s) L=1( p) L=2 (d) L=3 (f)
Quantum Numbers - mL
Name: Magnetic Character: Orbital’s orientation Value: (-L-+L), range
Quantum Numbers - ms
Name: Spin Character: Up/Down Value: +½ or -½
L=0
s
L=1
p
L=2
d
L=3
f
Orbital is a
box
S has how many orbitals
S has 1 orbitals=2 e
P has how many orbitals
P has 3 orbitals=6 e
D has how many orbitals
D has 5 orbitals=10 e
F has how many orbitals
F has 7 orbitals=14 e
Valence is the
outermost
Core electrons
inner shell
Electron Configuration: What is the name of the atom that has a 1s^22s^22p^4 ground-state electron configuration?
Oxygen • 1s 2p • 2s 2p • 3s 3p • 4s 3d 4p • 5s 4d 5p • 6s 5p 6p • 7s 6d • 4f 5f
Aufbau
Electrons fill the lowest orbital first
Hund’s rule
Electrons singly occupied orbitals first
Pauli exclusion
Each orbital can’t have more than 2 electrons, also it can’t have the same 4 quantum numbers
Heisenberg
Subatomic particle’s position and momentum cannot be determined accurately at the same time
Paramagnetic
UNPAIRED e (odd/even # of e) Attracted to magnets Ex: O2
Diamagnetic
PAIRED e (even # e) Repelled by magnets Ex: N2
Atomic radius (size):
Increase as you move down and left Atoms get larger as you down and to the left because of higher energy n shell=larger size Include noble gases
Size of ions (exact same element):
Anions> neutrals>cations Isoelectronic series of ions: different elements with the same total number of e.