Bone Tissue

• Diaphysis • Epiphyses • Medullary cavity • The metaphyses • Periosteum

The Diaphysis is the shaft of a long bone

The epiphyses form the proximal & distal ends of a long bone

The Medullary Cavity contains yellow bone marrow & blood vessels

Growth occurs at the section of the metaphysis

Connective tissue which wraps around the outside of the bone. The outer layer is fibrous and tough and the inner Layer contains osteoblasts which help the bone grown in thickness. It is rich in sensory neurone.

Bones grow in length at the epiphyseal plate. The cartilage in the region of the epiphyseal plate next to the epiphysis continues to grow by mitosis.

Wraps around the external surface of the bone

• Protects bone • Point of attachment for ligaments & tendons • Nourishes bone tissue • Helps in fracture repair

Compact bone tissue Spongy bone tissue

-Dense, smooth outer layer of the bones

• Always in the interior of bones

Lightweight which means it can be moved by skeletal muscle contraction. Protects bone marrow.

Protection & support of spongy bone, blood vessels and nerves

• Is made up of osteons. This gives the long bones strength. • Within and between the osteons is the extracellular fluid that contains osteocytes to maintain the bone tissue. • This enables the exchange of nutrients & oxygen and the removal of waste

Tiny weight-bearing pillars that have layers of collagen fibres in opposing directions. Each osteon has a central canal that contains blood vessels & a nerve. It is the osteons that give the strength and resistance to compact bone

• Less dense than compact bone as it contains bone marrow • No osteons but fine trabeculae ‘little beams’ • Nutrients and oxygen pass from blood vessels that surround the trabeculae • Trabeculae are positioned along lines of stress – resist stress

• Hyalin • Fibrocartilage • Elastic

Supports external nose (nose cartilage). Covers end of most bones at movable joints ( Articular cartilage). Connects ribs to sternum (Costal cartilage). Also in the larynx, trachea, bronchi & bronchial tubes.

• At sites subject to both pressure & stretch e.g Intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis, cartilage pads in knee (menisci).

External ear, epiglottis, auditory tubes, nasal cavity

Provides smooth surfaces for joint movement. Provides support and flexibility for joints

To support and join structures together

Increased number of elastic fibres gives greater elasticity & resilience than other forms of cartilage