B3 Organic Chemistry I
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How are two numbers seperated in organic nomenclature
Comma
How are numbers and letters seperated in organic nomenclature
Dash
Which carbon number does the highest priority functional group get
The lowest carbon number
Where there are the same priority groups, which group gets the lowest carbon number
First group alphabetically
General formula of alkyl groups
Six carbon prefix
Hex
Seven carbon prefix
Hept
Nine carbon prefix
Non
Ten carbon prefix
Dec
Define empirical formula
The simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element present in a compound
Define molecular formula
The total number of atoms of each element present in a molecule
Define homologous series
• A series of organic compounds with the same functional group • But with each successive member differing by CH2
What is an aliphatic compound
• Contains hydrogen and carbon atoms • Joined in a straight chain, branched chain, or non-aromatic ring
What is an alicyclic compound
• An aliphatic compound • Arragned in non-aromatic rings • With or without side chains, but no benzene ring
What is an aromatic compound
Contains a benzene ring
How are benzene rings drawn
Relationship between compounds being alicyclic and aliphatic
• All alicyclic are aliphatic • Not all aliphatic are alicyclic
What is a saturated compound
Contain single carbon-carbon bonds only
What is an unsaturated compound
Contain multiple carbon-carbon bonds
Define structural isomers
Compounds with the same molecular formula, but different structural formulae
Define homolytic fission
Each bonding atom recieves one electron from the bonded pair, forming two radicals
Define heterolytic fission
One bonding atom recieves both electrons from the bonded pair, forming an ion
Define radical
A species with an unpaired electron
Define Curly Arrow
The movement of a pair of electrons, showing either heterolytic fission, or the formation of a covalent bond