Lecture 8
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What are natural fats composed of?
Composed of Esters of glycerol with fatty acids
what are the components of a fatty acid?
Alcohol and carboxylic acid
What is the most common glyceride?
triglyceride
What is butyric fat in?
Give dairy products flavour
What is the difference in structures of stearic, oleic, linoleic.
Stearic straight line oleic curved like U shaped linoleic straight but soft curved like Z shaped
Where are the double bonds in oleic and linoleic fats?
oleic= 9C linoleic= 9 and 12 C
What are the 2 classes of lipids?
Simple structure Complex structure
What are simple lipids?
Fats (oils): Glycerol + F.A. Waxes: Long chain alcohol + F.A.
What are complex lipids?
Phospholipids: Glycerol + F.A. + P + others Example: -Phosphatides: Lecithin found in egg yolk
What is the structure like of dry fats?
they are more complex EX: Fat soluble vitamins, carotenoids, steroids
What is the difference between visible and invisible fats?
Visible: butter on toast Invisible: cooked/baked into things
How do we name saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?
Saturated F.A. ………. Suffix “anoic” Unsaturated F.A. …… Suffix “enoic”
What are the major groups of fats and oils?
1) Lauric Acid Group 2) Palmitic Acid Group 3) Oleic-Linoleic Acid Group 4) Linolenic Acid Group 5) Vegetable Butter 6) Marine Oils 7) Animal Fat
What are characteristics of Lauric acid groups?
Coconut oil, palm kernel oil Highly saturated High in medium chain fatty acids C:10-C:14 High content of Lauric acid C:12 Melting range 25-30oC Solid at room temperature
What do we mean when oils are highly stable?
Highly stable, so wont oxidized as easily and maintaining all properties
What are characteristics of palmitic acid groups?
Palm oil Highly saturated C:16:0, Palmitic acid Crude palm oil is bright red due to high conc. of carotenoids Melting range 38-450C , solid at room temperature
What are characteristics of oleic-linoleic acid groups?
Olive, peanut, cotton, sesame, corn, safflower, sunflower Liquid at room temp. Unsaturated Major fatty acid: Oleic acid C:18:1, Linoleic C:18:2 (ω-6)
What are characteristics of linolenic acid groups?
Soybean, flaxseed, canola Significant amount of linolenic C:18:3 (ω 3) Susceptible to oxidation
What are characteristics of vegetable butter?
Enrobing fat Cocoa butter (Melting Point:32-35oC) Fats in cocoa butter, solid at room temp and melting temp close to body temp
What are characteristics of marine oils?
Long chain fatty acids: EPA C:20:5 and DHA C:22:6
What are characteristics of animal fats?
Fat derived from animal body Cholesterol -Fats contain cholesterol, for examplee lard
What are the physical properties of fats that can be altered?
Melting point Viscosity Iodine# Stability
What factors affect melting point?
Natural fats vs. Pure fats Chain length ↑ m.p. ↑ Unsaturation ↑ m.p. ↓ Melting range for natural fats and meelting poiint for pure fat (only one type) • Natural fats have differeent kindds
What are the factors affecting viscosity?
Chain length ↑ η ↑ Unsaturation ↑ η ↓